Russia uses POWs as a political weapon against Kyiv – POLITICO

KYIV — The final time Valentyna Tkachenko, a 35-year-old mom of two from Chernihiv in northern Ukraine, noticed her husband Serhii was simply earlier than Russia invaded her nation.

Serhii, a Nationwide Guard soldier, was captured on February 24 of final 12 months, the day Moscow launched its all-out invasion of Ukraine. His unit was guarding the Chernobyl nuclear energy plant when it was attacked by the Russians. When the Russian army retreated from Chernobyl and the remainder of the Kyiv area on the finish of March, they took Serhii and 167 different POWs with them.

Since then, the wives of the captured troopers have solely heard from them as soon as — a brief handwritten observe: “I’m alive, all the things is OK,” despatched greater than six months after they had been taken prisoner.

Like 1000’s of different family members of Ukrainian POWs, Tkachenko has contacted Ukrainian authorities and the Worldwide Committee of Crimson Cross (ICRC) and had written 4 letters, however heard nothing again till November 29. That is the day she received a video name on the Viber messaging app.

“It was Serhii. We talked just for three minutes. I used to be not allowed to ask him questions. As quickly as I attempted, he shook his head and simply stated no. As a substitute, he saved saying: ‘Valya, go make issues laborious for Kyiv. Kyiv doesn’t wish to take us again,’” Tkachenko recalled. “Then he stated he was sorry and ended the decision, promising to name me again if he ever has an opportunity.”

Tkachenko did not go off to exhibit in opposition to the federal government, though household protests have taken place in Kyiv and different Ukrainian cities.

Petro Yatsenko, spokesperson for Ukraine’s coordinating employees on the remedy of prisoners of conflict, informed POLITICO that different households have acquired related calls from troopers being held by the Russians.

“An individual has not heard from a relative for greater than a 12 months, and right here he calls and says that he’s alive. Russians are able to change him, however Ukraine does nothing. Just lately these calls turned large. So, we understood that this can be a marketing campaign to trigger mistrust within the authorities,” Yatsenko stated.

It is a stark change in coverage from the primary 12 months of the conflict, when the 2 sides repeatedly exchanged prisoners. In all, 2,598 individuals have returned from Russian captivity throughout 48 swaps, based on the Ukrainian army. Nevertheless, the final main change was on August 7.

“It has actually slowed down as a consequence of causes from the Russian Federation, however there are very particular causes for this,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy informed a information convention in Kyiv this week.

Taking part in politics with POWs

The Russian refusal to change POWs seems geared toward inflaming tensions in Ukrainian society, the place dissatisfaction with Zelenskyy is rising within the wake of this 12 months’s disappointing counteroffensive, and the temper is popping grim as essential help for Ukraine stalls within the U.S. Senate and Hungary blocks the EU’s efforts to spice up civilian and army assist for Kyiv.

Tkachenko thinks her household, in addition to different prisoners of conflict, have turn into instruments in a political sport.

“They began so nicely, exchanging so many. However then abruptly all of it stopped. I feel Russians wish to discredit our authorities. Persons are exhausted, and POWs’ family members are shedding their mood. They wish to trigger havoc,” Tkachenko stated bitterly.

Numerous the Ukrainian POWs had been captured following the bloody siege of Mariupol, a coastal metropolis the place Ukrainian troops held out for 3 months of ferocious assaults earlier than surrendering the Azovstal Iron and Metal Works in Might 2022.

Anastasiia Bugera, 22, from the Kharkiv area in jap Ukraine, has not spoken to her boyfriend, 24-year-old Kostyantyn Ivanov, since March 2022. She was in Russian-occupied Izyum when Ivanov was ordered to give up alongside a number of thousand different Azovstal defenders.

“I managed to name his mom from our neighbor’s out of doors bathroom sooner or later. She informed me he was attempting to name me and failed. I cried so laborious standing in that bathroom,” Bugera stated. The bathroom was the one place she might get a connection because the Russians had been attempting to dam cellular indicators. Izyum was liberated by the Ukrainians in September 2022.

“We’ve got not had the chance to even say hey to one another. They had been promised to be in captivity just for three to 4 months. However Russia lied,” Bugera stated.

Ukraine has managed to change only some dozen Azovstal defenders, together with the commanders of the Azov Regiment, however 1000’s of standard troops, police and border guards captured in Mariupol are nonetheless being held. In accordance with the Azovstal households’ affiliation, Russia doesn’t wish to change them. As a substitute, households sometimes see them on movies from Russian courts, malnourished, exhausted, and on trial accused of conflict crimes. Russia continues to dam any direct communication with them.

Life in jail

As of at present, Russia holds greater than 3,000 Ukrainian troopers and a few 28,000 civilians, the Ukrainian ombudsman’s workplace and reintegration ministry stated. Nevertheless, the true quantity could also be even larger.

“For instance, a few of those that are in captivity haven’t been confirmed but. These persons are nonetheless thought-about ‘lacking’ though now we have data they may be in captivity,” Yatsenko stated.

The Ukrainians haven’t stated what number of Russians they maintain, however they’ve so many that they are constructing a second POW camp to carry them. Russians are additionally being held in a particular facility in western Ukraine and housed in cells in pretrial detention facilities.

“I’d say throughout the counteroffensive Ukraine managed to extend the POWs change fund that was already massive due to the stalled exchanges,” Yatsenko stated. “However we’re able to accommodate all Russian troops preventing in Ukraine, in case they resolve to give up.”

Ukraine says it’s treating its POWs based on worldwide guidelines, however accuses Russia of mistreating its prisoners.

“Greater than 90 % of prisoners of conflict whom we interview after their return say that they had been subjected to torture, deprivation of adequate diet and sleep,” Yatsenko stated. “Persons are being compelled to burn out tattoos or to devour solely Russian propaganda. They aren’t allowed to speak with family members.”

Russia insists it’s treating its POWs nicely.

Russian Commissioner for Human Rights Tatiana Moskalkova on November 30 visited 119 Ukrainian POWs and stated they had been being held in situations that correspond to worldwide requirements.  

“Lots of them reported that they had been allowed to name their family members by telephone by the competent Russian authorities,” Moskalkova stated in an announcement printed a day after Tkachenko received the video name from her husband.

Moskalkova stated that preparations are being made along with her Ukrainian counterpart to permit for mutual visits.

The Worldwide Committee of the Crimson Cross visits POWs on each side of the entrance — up to now seeing 2,300 of them — however Russia hasn’t absolutely opened its amenities to exterior inspection and the ICRC is institutionally restricted in its capability to criticize nations out of concern that its entry will likely be minimize off.

“We’re painfully conscious that there are POWs that we nonetheless haven’t visited, and because of this we’re consistently working in the direction of enhancing our entry to the locations the place they’re held. We’ve got additionally delivered greater than 3,800 private messages between POWs and their family members, on high of facilitating the exchanges of over 9,300 letters from and to prisoners of conflict,” stated Achille Després, the ICRC spokesperson in Ukraine.

He refused to disclose any details about the precise situations during which POWs are held.

“Our purpose is to work instantly with the detaining authorities, to affect in the direction of the concrete enchancment of the interment situations and remind the related states of their authorized obligations, notably that POWs should always be handled humanely and their rights upheld, in addition to their integrity, dignity and privateness revered,” he stated.

Hoping for launch

With massive prisoner exchanges frozen, the one method captured troopers could make it again to their very own facet is in casual battlefield swaps between commanders.

“Sadly, such sporadic exchanges can’t substitute those on the state stage,” Yatsenko stated.

In his information convention, Zelenskyy stated he hopes to see a change of coverage that may enable for a resumption of prisoner exchanges.

“We at the moment are working to carry again a reasonably first rate variety of our guys. God prepared, we’ll succeed,” he stated.

Ukraine hopes to jar the Kremlin into restarting swaps because of the rising variety of Russian POWs it is holding.

“As quickly as we accumulate, if you happen to’ll forgive me the language, the suitable stockpile of enemy sources, we change them for our Ukrainian defenders … I actually hope that our pathway will quickly be activated,” Zelenskyy stated.