Watch The Last Word With Lawrence O’Donnell Highlights: Feb. 19

SINCE THE GODS FIRST ESTABLISHED KINGSHIP GOVERNMENT JURISDICTION ON EARTH , AND CREATEED THE EXCLUSIVE HYBRID INDIGENOUS HUMAN BEING. OF WHAT AUTHENTICITY; IS THE EUROPEAN HOMINID-PRIMATE INVASION TO THE WEST, AND THE POPE'S DIONYSUS EXIGUUS A.D. ANNO DOMINI JESUS BIRTH DATE OF BIRTH IS, TO THE GODS CIVILIZATION?

Theses: Explain how 1220 A.D. Anno Domini legally hinge to the gods civilization. How can Europe uncivilized alien power rule and destroy the Indigenous? See the detail–henceforth the are expelled!

Counting the Dead: Estimating the Loss of Life in

the Indigenous Holocaust, 1492-Present

David Michael Smith

University of Houston-Downtown

During the past century, researchers have learned a great deal about the nature and

scope of what Russell Thornton has called the demographic collapse of the Indigenous

population in the Western Hemisphere after 1492.1 As David Stannard has explained, the

almost inconceivable number of deaths caused by the invasion and conquest of these lands

by Europeans and their descendants constitute “the worst human holocaust the world had

ever witnessed.”2 Scholars have long had reliable information on the size of the Indigenous

population in this hemisphere and this country at its nadir around the turn of the twentieth

century. And in recent decades, investigators have developed a range of estimates of the

Native population in the Western Hemisphere before 1492. Researchers have also amassed

considerable knowledge about the role of diseases, wars, genocidal violence, enslavement,

forced relocations, the destruction of food sources, the devastation of ways of life,

declining birth rates, and other factors in the Indigenous Holocaust.3 This paper draws on

the work of Russell Thornton, David Stannard, and other scholars in attempting to count

the dead—that is, in developing informed and reasonable, if very rough, estimates of the

total loss of Indigenous lives caused by colonialism in the Western Hemisphere and in what

is today the United States of America. Although this analysis is inevitably grim and

saddening, there is much to be gained by understanding the most sustained loss of life in

human history—both for people living today and for future generations.

At the turn of the twentieth century, the total number of Native inhabitants living

in the entire Western Hemisphere had declined to 4-4.5 million.4

In 1800, only about

600,000 Indigenous people remained in the coterminous United States.5 By 1900, the

Indigenous population in this country reached its lowest point of about 237,000 people.6

The size of the Indigenous population in the hemisphere and this country then began to

grow again and has increased appreciably during the past century. Today about 70 million

Indigenous people live in the Western Hemisphere.7 There are now approximately 7.25

million American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians in the U.S.8

In view of

the historically unprecedented and unspeakably tragic depopulation that unfolded after

1492, the survival of Indigenous people is truly extraordinary. However, even today the

legacy of invasion, conquest, and colonialism continues to exact a terrible human toll.

Serious scholarly investigations into the size of the Indigenous population in the

Western Hemisphere before 1492 began early in the twentieth century. In 1924, Paul Rivet

estimated that between 40 and 50 million people lived in the hemisphere before the

8 Counting the Dead

Indigenous Holocaust began. 9 That same year, Karl Sapper also estimated the Indigenous

population in the hemisphere to be between 40 and 50 million.10 Both Rivet and Sapper

later revised their estimates downward to about 15.5 million and 31 million respectively.11

In 1939, Alfred Kroeber developed a much lower estimate of only 8.4 million for the entire

hemisphere.12 In 1964, Woodrow Borah announced a much larger estimate of “upwards of

100 million” Native inhabitants.13 Two years later, Henry Dobyns estimated the Indigenous

population of the hemisphere to be between 90 million and 112.5 million.14 In 1976,

William Denevan estimated the Indigenous population at between 43 and 72 million, the

mid-point of which is more than 57 million.15 In 1987, Thornton provided an estimate of

about 75 million.16 The following year, Dobyns revised his estimate significantly upward

to 145 million.17 In 1992, Stannard estimated the original population of the hemisphere at

about 100 million.18

And he has observed that the forced removal of

over 100,000 Indigenous people to areas west of the Mississippi River during the first half

of the nineteenth century directly resulted in significant loss of life.48 Moreover, such

removals and relocations destroyed Indigenous people’s ways of life, which resulted in

substantial additional loss of life.49 Other devastating assaults on these ways of life

included

the Spanish missions in California, Florida, and Texas; the U.S.

government’s attempts to make Plains Indians into cattle ranchers and

southern Indians into American farmers…efforts by churches and

governments to undermine Indian religious, governmental, and kinship

systems… the often-deliberate destructions of flora and fauna that

American Indians used for food and other purposes…the near extinction of

the buffalo…50

Widespread starvation and malnutrition, the deleterious effects of forced labor, alcoholism,

demoralization and despair, declining fertility, and other factors also contributed to the

Indigenous Holocaust.5

Is life better now you FOOL

Well the next winner of the lottery can buy an Ex-President, that is nice

Hi Lawrence, you know when you said Trumpwas a drag on .,,, you were right he is a drag

What trump actually looks like hitting a ball is actually what he looks like….stout

Our president Joe biden needs of prays 🙏 to keep him safe and strong going forward in to this next election ipray that evil bunch of power drunk republicans and maga who are been lead astray into a dictatorship lead by trump and his cronies who don't care about america they only care about themselves I pray that the magas see through trumps evil plan for america and unite with the rest of america 🇺🇸 and prosper and make the intire world safe again signed paddy from Ireland 🇮🇪 we have had enough of fighting and bad blood amongst us now is the time to come together and keep the trump regime out of the white house vote for peace ✌️ love ❤️ and charity god bless america 🇺🇸

Pardoning Trump would be the best thing for the country?
That’s enough to disqualify Niki.

Funny not an honest word spoken more leftist trash

Thank God , The Houston Chronicle indorsed President Biden. President Biden is young for his age, aware , and knows how to handle situations. Thank you for reporting this.

Nikki isn't going to Ever be accused of having Integrity 7:23

TRUMP 2024!!

Seems only people bennifitting from this economy is the rich. Im waiting till after march to see how the economy really is. The US has borrowed too much and printed too much money. Im hearing more layoffs are coming. Banks wont be lending as much after march.

Trump has displayed his stupidity many times as well as his ignorance! Unless you are as moronic as he you will make sure you and yours vote blue

Biden has always been a crook Trump is the best way to go ❤❤❤😊😊😊😊

Tax Cuts for the rich so the rail roads and highways are maintained by people who earn only 7.50 per hour! The Rich are lazy grifters. Truck Fump, Truck the rich in America and Truck MAGA!

Nikki Hailey is a phony and a flake too. All those Republicans are in the same maga boat. Vote them all out! If they want to pardon somebody, pardon the young people in jail 20+years for marijuana.